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glare

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again

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and body babe

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ma'am

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welcome to this edition of NASA images

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I'm Lynn Bondurant during this show were

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focusing on historic NASA documentary

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footage showing NASA technology

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spin-offs to medical and energy fields

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as well as others let's start off by

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going to a NASA report from 1979 about

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electric car tests this car running on a

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dynamometer at NASA's Jet Propulsion

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Laboratory in Pasadena is powered by a

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small electric motor and 20 batteries it

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was designed and is owned by Wally repel

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a senior engineer working on JPL's

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electric vehicle project if large

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numbers of electric automobiles are

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needed in the future because of

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continuing oil shortages engineers here

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and at other NASA facilities hope to be

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ready with the research answers that

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I think the electric car probably will

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run in terms of energy just pure energy

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about the same as a gasoline engine car

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however we're talking about energy

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displacement the prime factor in favor

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of electric car is that it can use any

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kind of energy to produce the

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electricity oil coal nuclear even solar

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power for example can be used to produce

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the electricity which can then be stored

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in the car and use for power the

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assessment of current electric vehicles

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is being conducted by NASA for the US

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Department of Energy the research is

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expected to provide the focus and

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direction needed for future efforts at a

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mile long and infrequently used runway

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on the edge of the Mojave Desert

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engineers prepare one of the electric

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if he can tell baby 13 people ah you

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make a life all right stand by o clock

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object of the coast down test is to

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determine the electric vehicles

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aerodynamic resistance the test is

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performed by towing the electric powered

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car up to about 60 miles an hour at that

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speed it's released the tow vehicle is

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driven out of the way and the electric

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car coasts to a stop both the velocity

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and distance are measured using a fifth

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wheel and recording device this tells

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researchers the aerodynamic resistance

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and the rolling resistance of the car

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both important factors in energy

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consumption another part of the program

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in the mojave is the driving cycle test

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the car is driven fast and slow as if it

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were being driven in traffic the cars

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energy flow is measured under this set

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of driving conditions as well as the

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range that the car can achieve with

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fully charged batteries again project

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manager Tom barber the frequency of

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recharge depends very heavily on how the

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car is used just as for example the

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gasoline my logic of your car varies

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depending on how you use it if you use

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the car around town you'll get probably

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45 miles or so on a full charge it takes

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approximately 8 to 12 hours to replace

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that full charge on the open highway for

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example at 55 miles an hour you might

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get as much as 75 miles and the recharge

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time is still the same because you have

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electric car research an effort to find

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reasonable alternatives to

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gasoline-powered automobiles that may

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also be quieter and less polluting not

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only was NASA involved with electric

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cars during the energy crisis but also

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wind power later during the next report

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please notice that the blades of the

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large wind turbine machines are like

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wings in some ways residents of this

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rhode island community can use steady

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ocean breezes to help air-conditioned

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their homes in the summer or to heat

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them during the cold New England winters

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they'll do it with a two hundred

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thousand watt wind turbine generator the

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place is block island about 35 miles

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south of Providence this is the third

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experimental two hundred thousand watt

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wind machine in a five-year wind energy

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program a joint project of the

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Department of Energy and NASA this New

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England island like all windmill sites

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was chosen because of its consistently

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high winds the generator will electrify

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up to 250 homes during the winter that's

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half the permanent residences on the

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island until the windmill block I'll

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amused all diesel generators for

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electricity but now wind energy and

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diesel fuel will work together to power

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the island block Islands winds should

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make it possible for the generator to

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operate at an average year round output

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of one hundred thousand watts an hour

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now when we come to savings it's

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directly proportional to the fuel if

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this

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machine generates approximately a

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hundred average which it will with 17

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mile an hour wind that would come to a

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considerable amount of fuel forty fifty

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thousand gallons during the course of a

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year and simply multiply that by the

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president price and you can see that

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it's it's substantial block island is

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not the only community boasting a new

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wind generator another windmill now

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towers majestically 1,000 feet above the

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mountain town of boone north carolina

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and the folks from boone have lots to

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brag about because their windmill is the

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largest in the world the blades alone

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way 18 tons they spread 200 feet from

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tip to tip about the wingspan of a

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Boeing 747 the machine produces two

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million watts of electricity or ten

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times as much as the other generators

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before the dedication engineers tested

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the windmill from the control van yes

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here we go monitor enabled the

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electricity that's produced is cabled

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Underground through the legs of the

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generator and then ties in here before

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it's sent down the mountain for

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dedication day was a big eventing book

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it was declared a town holiday and

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everyone turned out to celebrate

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Oh

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interest in wind energy is growing and

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now that the cost of fossil fuel has

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increased and supplies at dwindles

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engineers are once again turning to the

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wind as a potential source of renewable

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by sep tember 1982 two more experimental

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wind powered generators were being

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tested as this 1982 report shows this is

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Medicine Bow Wyoming site of the

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dedication of to wind powered generators

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on sep tember forth the project is a

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joint endeavor of NASA's Lewis research

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center the Department of Energy and the

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Bureau of Reclamation one unit was built

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by the hamilton standard company and is

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nearly 400 feet high it's capable of

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producing for megawatts of electricity

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the second unit constructed by the

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Boeing engineering and construction

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company is powered by a rotor 300 feet

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in diameter and can produce two point

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five megawatts of electricity when

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operating together the pair of wind

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turbines will provide enough energy to

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meet the needs of three thousand homes

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in the rocky mountain area three other

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300-foot wind turbines were erected and

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successfully tested in the state of

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Washington a third-generation wind

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turbine was installed and tested in

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Hawaii in 1987 following successful

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completion of the NASA wind turbine

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development program the machine was sold

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to Hawaiian Electric renewable systems

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corporation in early 1988 according to

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dr. David spira of NASA Hawaiian

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Electric is to operate the 3.2 mega watt

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machine to make commercial power and the

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company is to give NASA and the

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Department of Energy five years of

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operation reports now let's move from

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wind power to a 1979 report call

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most of us take it for granted that

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they'll be fresh fruit in the stores all

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winter long but citrus growers often

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have trouble getting oranges and

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grapefruits to our supermarkets during

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in the past few years fruit growers have

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spent millions of dollars trying to save

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these oil heaters are used for freeze

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crews can set them up early in the

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evening and flames will warn the orange

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or grapefruit roads until morning many

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nights during the winter Florida growers

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are faced with the decision whether to

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call out standby freeze protection crews

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at a cost of about thirty six thousand

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dollars per hour or to risk having crops

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ruined by an unexpected freeze but now

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NASA the University of Florida and NOAA

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the National Oceanic and Atmospheric

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Administration are developing a system

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to warn growers about freezing

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temperatures using a computerized and

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more accurate means of forecasting the

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freeze line information from the goes

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one weather satellite is received at the

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ruskin national weather service station

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just east of Tampa Bay and relayed

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around the state alerting growers when

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we collect up to three hours of data

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from the key stations and at 8pm we

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enter that data into the computer at

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that time we will have our 8pm satellite

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seen in the computer it takes a few

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minutes types of data end and from that

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point on it's very fast the computer

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takes over and produces the mountaineers

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so by about eight thirty in the evening

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we can have our predicted maps for the

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rest of these okay Jim here's the key

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station data for this hour okay soil

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temperatures 55.3 52.7

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51.3 air temperatures

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55.2

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56.3

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57.8

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dew point is 35 this is the 0 to Z

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picture yes looks like we've got mid 40s

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in Central Florida perhaps some

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near-freezing temperatures at North

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Central let's blow this area about north

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yes that's the area

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yeah it looks like there are there are

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some temperatures right at 32 up in

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north central florida that correlates so

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closely with the reports have received

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from growers florida has certain cloud

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patterns that make it conducive to

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satellite weather predictions a normal

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severe freeze for florida produces a

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very dry air mass over the state which

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eliminates any cloud cover and this is

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one thing that makes the system work

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well in florida when we have very very

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cold temperatures we do not have clouds

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of spearing the satellite data it gives

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us a very clear picture of the state

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using the satellite seen oil heaters

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computers and satellites working

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together to help citrus growers bring an

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abundance of winter fruit to our

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supermarkets next let's see to 1981

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reports which show how nasa's study of

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aerodynamics has spun off two trucks

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freeways and motorhomes nasa's role in

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studying things aerodynamic has ranged

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from several decades before the second

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world war two the reusable space shuttle

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using similar aerodynamic scaling

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techniques nASA has been assisting in a

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federal highway administration sponsored

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project that may one day help engineers

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improve the design of tunnels and

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highways this facility is a hundred and

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ten feet long the reason for that length

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is for the level section to be

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equivalent to about a half a mile long

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so one could have about five sections of

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three tunnels and two no tunnels about

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500 feet long and that gave us enough

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tunnels in a row such that we can

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observe the recirculation of the air

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from tunnel to tunnel as it gets dragged

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from one tunnel the next by the movement

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of the cars or actually backs up to go

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to an adjacent tunnel we have two lanes

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of traffic such that we can have the

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traffic either going in the same

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direction or in opposing directions just

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like what happened in a real highway

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frequently freeways and tunnels use up

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large areas of land that might better be

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used in other ways the researchers are

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experimentally depressing and partially

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covering simulated freeways in an urban

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area to find out how much and how little

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tunnel is needed one of the tests

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involves injecting trace gases that act

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like pot automobile exhausts coupled

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with carefully controlled wind and

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temperature measurements air flow

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patterns can be determined that may help

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designers build more efficient highways

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they come in a variety of sizes and

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shapes from huge tractor trailers

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capable of hauling tons to weekend

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motorhomes used for pleasure by

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thousands all share one common trait

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they burn gasoline or diesel fuel to

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make them go engineers at NASA's Dryden

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Flight Research Center in California

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have been studying for several years how

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to help make these vehicles more

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fuel-efficient aerospace engineer ed

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Saltzman tells how we began with a

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vehicle that looked a little different

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like than what this does here we had

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square corners on the front and square

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corners on the back to represent the the

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worst in vehicle design for high-volume

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pars and we documented the drag of that

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configuration and then we begin

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aerodynamic refinements rounding the

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front corners as you can see and we

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smoothed the underbody so that the

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muffler and the axles are covered up in

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the transmission and this reduced the

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drag too we compared that configuration

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with the the original one the most

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recent tests were run with the

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configuration you see now where we have

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a partial boat tail and we just compare

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the deceleration characteristics of each

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of these configurations and relate them

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back to the original lewin we started

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with for six decades nasa has been

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studying aerodynamic problems associated

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with making airplanes faster and more

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fuel-efficient it was logical than that

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it could apply this same expertise to

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ground transportation vehicles the

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results have been very encouraging by

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rounding the corners and enclosing its

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underbody this van has about seventy

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percent lower drag than before the

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modifications the technique of reducing

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air resistance as the van travels along

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can be directly translated into fuel

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savings about thirty percent fuel

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savings in this particular instance the

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reshaped van is actually aerodynamically

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superior for its size to most sports

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cars on the road today these successful

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aerodynamic tests are helping change the

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shape of vans motorhomes and trucks make

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the more fuel-efficient another field

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which has benefited from NASA spin-off

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is medicine our next report which is

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from 1982 is about a space-age aid for

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coronary diagnosis in August 1981 as

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voyager 2 made its way through the solar

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system from jupiter to saturn beaming

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dramatic photographs back to earth

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researchers at NASA's Jet Propulsion

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Laboratory in California using

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sophisticated image processing

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techniques were busy enhancing

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significant areas of these images for

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scientific study today the people at JPL

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working in conjunction with scientists

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from the University of Southern

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California are applying these same

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space-related computerized image

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analysis techniques to the earthly

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treatment of arteriosclerosis and

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stenosis of the arteries diseases that

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affect thousands of Americans dr. Edwin

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s beckenbaugh deputy manager of the

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Lyell medical program at JPL explains

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the basic problem that we're looking at

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is an insufficient supply of blood to

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the heart the blood that the heart pumps

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does not supply the heart it's supplied

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by blood through the coronary arteries

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knowing how much of that blood flow is

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being cut off by the stenotic disease

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process it is narrowing of the coronary

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arteries it's very important because if

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there's an insufficient amount of blood

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going to a part of a heart the doctor

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has to do a bypass operation or some

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other kind of open-heart surgery that's

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a very risky procedure it's not

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something you want to do unless you're

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sure you need to a special type of x ray

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called an angiogram is made by injecting

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contrast dye into the diseased artery

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this allows the computer operator or

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physician to locate the area of concern

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and indicate it to the computer by

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positioning the electronic cross

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accordingly once the computer has

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received this information it can in turn

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supply the position with what he needs

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to make an accurate diagnosis the degree

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of stenosis or narrowing in this

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00:21:05,060 --> 00:21:02,580
particular vessel is such that in

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general a doctor provided with this

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image would have a hard time deciding

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whether the narrowing was sufficiently

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important the warrant bypass surgery or

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not to different doctors given this

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particular image might well differ in

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their opinion of the degree of narrowing

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by Oh ten or fifteen percent and that

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difference is exactly the difference

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that becomes important when you're

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considering a serious operation like

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bypass surgery the benefit of the

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computer is not so much that it is

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better than a doctor but it is more

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consistent to calculate the degree of

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disease present the computer first

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indicates the edges of the artery with

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black lines the white lines which just

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appeared are the computers best estimate

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of where the walls of the artery would

425
00:22:00,350 --> 00:21:57,200
be if there were no disease present

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00:22:02,840 --> 00:22:00,360
using these as guidelines statistics

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such as the degree of narrowing can be

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computed and printed out for the

429
00:22:10,370 --> 00:22:07,980
patient's file the importance of the

430
00:22:12,590 --> 00:22:10,380
individual seated at the control panel

431
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of the medical image processing station

432
00:22:17,750 --> 00:22:15,240
be it a JPL researcher now or a

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physician in the near future should not

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00:22:23,510 --> 00:22:20,940
be overlooked one thing we've really

435
00:22:25,610 --> 00:22:23,520
found out in this whole program is that

436
00:22:27,830 --> 00:22:25,620
if you take the individual the human out

437
00:22:30,500 --> 00:22:27,840
of the loop totally and try to automate

438
00:22:32,990 --> 00:22:30,510
the whole procedure using the computer

439
00:22:35,780 --> 00:22:33,000
you are almost certainly doomed to

440
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failure so to have the operator in the

441
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in the picture to provide the computer

442
00:22:42,770 --> 00:22:40,890
with a beginning point to make take care

443
00:22:45,170 --> 00:22:42,780
of mistakes that the computer makes and

444
00:22:47,060 --> 00:22:45,180
to finally decide whether the job that

445
00:22:50,090 --> 00:22:47,070
the computer is done is adequate is

446
00:22:53,000 --> 00:22:50,100
vitally important the medical image

447
00:22:54,740 --> 00:22:53,010
processing station using space gained

448
00:22:59,590 --> 00:22:54,750
expertise to

449
00:23:05,270 --> 00:23:02,660
our last video taped segment was really

450
00:23:07,400 --> 00:23:05,280
produced for a convention display but we

451
00:23:09,170 --> 00:23:07,410
thought you would find it interesting it

452
00:23:12,080 --> 00:23:09,180
deals with feral fluids which are

453
00:23:14,900 --> 00:23:12,090
magnetic liquids early use of the feral

454
00:23:17,090 --> 00:23:14,910
fluids was intended for rocket fuels but

455
00:23:27,620 --> 00:23:17,100
the feral fluids have found other uses

456
00:23:30,290 --> 00:23:27,630
in other fields we needed a magnetic

457
00:23:31,820 --> 00:23:30,300
liquid for control of spacecraft liquid

458
00:23:35,920 --> 00:23:31,830
propellants under zero gravity

459
00:23:40,840 --> 00:23:35,930
conditions in space now we have

460
00:23:46,370 --> 00:23:43,790
ferrofluid is a liquid in which sub

461
00:23:49,520 --> 00:23:46,380
microscopic particles of iron oxide are

462
00:23:52,700 --> 00:23:49,530
permanently suspended in other words a

463
00:23:54,620 --> 00:23:52,710
fuel with magnetic properties the

464
00:23:57,170 --> 00:23:54,630
technology we developed to solve our

465
00:23:59,570 --> 00:23:57,180
fuel problems in space is now being used

466
00:24:03,200 --> 00:23:59,580
to entertain you with higher quality

467
00:24:05,180 --> 00:24:03,210
audio reproduction everyday ferrofluid

468
00:24:06,740 --> 00:24:05,190
research led to development of fuels

469
00:24:09,170 --> 00:24:06,750
that are controllable in the

470
00:24:11,360 --> 00:24:09,180
weightlessness of space this eliminates

471
00:24:14,480 --> 00:24:11,370
the problem in space vehicles cause

472
00:24:16,760 --> 00:24:14,490
chugging this chugging effect is from

473
00:24:19,790 --> 00:24:16,770
lack of fuel or even flow of fuel

474
00:24:21,920 --> 00:24:19,800
through the engines as a result the

475
00:24:24,110 --> 00:24:21,930
commercial applications of ferrofluid

476
00:24:26,630 --> 00:24:24,120
are providing a wide variety of new

477
00:24:29,350 --> 00:24:26,640
products for consumer use and some major

478
00:24:32,300 --> 00:24:29,360
improvements in old-time favorites

479
00:24:34,430 --> 00:24:32,310
ferrofluid serves as an excellent heat

480
00:24:36,680 --> 00:24:34,440
transfer medium for cooling the voice

481
00:24:38,630 --> 00:24:36,690
coil in a speaker so the system's

482
00:24:41,150 --> 00:24:38,640
ability to handle higher power is

483
00:24:44,150 --> 00:24:41,160
increased and speaker failure is

484
00:24:46,490 --> 00:24:44,160
decreased for the manufacturers the

485
00:24:48,710 --> 00:24:46,500
bottom line is better quality fewer

486
00:24:53,270 --> 00:24:48,720
returns or defects and lower

487
00:24:55,640 --> 00:24:53,280
manufacturing costs dr. Ronald Moskowitz

488
00:24:57,350 --> 00:24:55,650
and dr. Ronald rosin wife have been

489
00:24:59,960 --> 00:24:57,360
working on the development of magnetic

490
00:25:01,970 --> 00:24:59,970
fluid and with the cooperation of NASA's

491
00:25:03,940 --> 00:25:01,980
technology utilization services

492
00:25:06,279 --> 00:25:03,950
department they obtained a vice

493
00:25:08,560 --> 00:25:06,289
to use the technology that NASA Lewis

494
00:25:10,210 --> 00:25:08,570
Research Center had developed putting

495
00:25:12,850 --> 00:25:10,220
all this together they founded

496
00:25:14,769 --> 00:25:12,860
ferrofluid excoriation and have

497
00:25:16,659 --> 00:25:14,779
successfully advanced and applied the

498
00:25:19,690 --> 00:25:16,669
technology for a wide range of

499
00:25:21,549 --> 00:25:19,700
commercial uses applications have ranged

500
00:25:24,159 --> 00:25:21,559
from integrated circuit production

501
00:25:26,799 --> 00:25:24,169
visual displays analytical

502
00:25:31,139 --> 00:25:26,809
instrumentation automated machine tools

503
00:25:34,600 --> 00:25:31,149
and industrial processes from us to you

504
00:25:37,269 --> 00:25:34,610
working for you and with you the

505
00:25:40,299 --> 00:25:37,279
technology is here which your ideas can

506
00:25:42,340 --> 00:25:40,309
grow let's work together call the

507
00:25:47,830 --> 00:25:42,350
technology utilization office nearest

508
00:25:49,960 --> 00:25:47,840
you for more information if you would

509
00:25:52,210 --> 00:25:49,970
like to contact NASA about spin-offs

510
00:25:54,269 --> 00:25:52,220
please watch the credits at the end of

511
00:25:56,889 --> 00:25:54,279
the show on where to write or call

512
00:25:59,919 --> 00:25:56,899
that's all we have for this edition of

513
00:26:01,690 --> 00:25:59,929
NASA images but before we go let me

514
00:26:04,539 --> 00:26:01,700
remind you that you're cordially invited

515
00:26:06,340 --> 00:26:04,549
to see the displays at the Visitor

516
00:26:08,830 --> 00:26:06,350
Center here at the NASA Lewis Research

517
00:26:10,500 --> 00:26:08,840
Center we're located near the Hopkins

518
00:26:14,139 --> 00:26:10,510
international airport in Cleveland

519
00:27:41,730 --> 00:26:14,149
admission is free until next time this